Plant Nature Study I by Various Plant Nature Study I by Various    

Lesson 29: Two Water Lovers (Wild Plants as Food)

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Peter Rabbit sat on the bank of the Smiling Pool, thinking, and, as he thought, he talked to himself, which is a way he has when he thinks he is alone. "It is a strange thing how a fellow can see a thing day after day and not really see it at all," said Peter. "Now every summer since I can remember I have seen the Wild Carrot and the Great Mullein, yet until yesterday I didn't realize that the former is beautiful, and didn't know that the blossoms of the latter open for only one day."

"Chug-arum! There's nothing strange about it, Peter Rabbit. It is always the way with people who do not use their eyes," said a gruff voice.

"Hello, Grandfather Frog!" exclaimed Peter. "I didn't see you at all. I thought I was all alone."

"Chug-arum! That goes to prove what I have just said; you do not use your eyes," retorted Grandfather Frog. "I have been sitting here on this big, green lily pad ever since you arrived. What flower did you say opens for one day only?"

"The Great Mullein," replied Peter. "The flower is yellow and quite large, but it blooms for one day only. Don't you think that is strange?"

"No, I don't," replied Grandfather Frog gruffly. "I am used to flowers that bloom only for a day."

At that Peter's long ears pricked up quickly, you may be sure. "What flowers?" he demanded eagerly. "Tell me, Grandfather Frog, what flowers do you know that open only for a day?"

Grandfather Frog opened his big mouth and laughed. At the same time he rolled his big goggly eyes up at Peter with a funny twinkle in them. "What are those two eyes of yours for, anyway, Peter Rabbit?" he demanded. "You have been looking right at those flowers ever since you sat there, yet you haven't seen them."

Peter rubbed his eyes and rather foolishly stared all about him on the bank of the Smiling Pool. Then he looked down at Grandfather Frog and opened his mouth to demand rather sharply what Grandfather Frog meant. But he closed it without saying a word, for there, just to the right of the big green lily pad on which Grandfather Frog sat, was a spike of bright blue flowers a foot above the water. Of course, they had been there all the time, yet until that instant Peter hadn't seen them at all. You see, he hadn't thought of finding flowers in the Smiling Pool, and he had been so busy thinking of other flowers that he had looked right at these without seeing them at all.

Grandfather Frog laughed again at the foolish look on Peter's face. Peter laughed too. He had to. "Of course you mean those ragged-looking little blue flowers over there," said he. "Is it really true that they bloom only for one day?"

Grandfather Frog nodded. "All those that you see today will be gone tomorrow," said he. "But there will be plenty more to take their places," he added.

Peter hopped a little closer to the water that he might see better. The flowers were very small in the form of little tubes opening out into six petal-like parts not all of the same size, which gave them rather a ragged look. Each little flower was wholly blue, even the stamens and pistil. They grew on a long spike at the end of a large, smooth, stout stem. From halfway up the stem or stalk grew out a single, large, arrow-shaped, rather thick, glossy leaf of dark green. Could Peter have gotten near enough to smell of the flowers, he would have turned up his wobbly little nose, for the scent is not at all pleasant.

"What do you call it?" asked Peter.

"The Pickerel Weed," replied Grandfather Frog. "At least, that is what I have always heard it called. I believe Pickerel are supposed to lay their eggs under its leaves, but they do that quite as much under the leaves of other water plants, so I guess there isn't any real reason for this name. However, I suppose one name is as good as another. There is one thing I like about this plant and that is that it keeps blooming all summer. That spike keeps growing longer and longer, and every day new flowers open."

"I'm ever so glad I came over here this morning," said Peter. "I hadn't thought of looking in the Smiling Pool for flowers since the Pond Lilies began to bloom. I don't suppose there are any more here."

"Yes, there are," replied Grandfather Frog. "If you will go up around that little bend you will find a wholly different flower growing in the water close to the shore."

Peter could hardly wait to thank Grandfather Frog properly, he was in such a hurry to see this new flower. He hurried along the bank around the bend, and there, sure enough, in a little cove were flowers wholly different from those he had left. While most of the plants bearing these flowers were growing in the water, a few were not in the water at all, but growing out of the mud at the water's edge. This gave Peter a chance to get as close to them as he pleased.

All the leaves of the plants not in the water were shaped like the head of an arrow. Some were quite narrow and sharply pointed, while others were broader and had more rounded points. But all were of the arrowhead shape. They were rather rubbery and in color a dark green. Looking from those plants on shore to those growing well out in the water, Peter made a surprising discovery. Those in the water had two kinds of leaves! Yes, sir, they had two kinds of leaves! The leaves standing above the water were like those of the plants on shore, but growing beneath the surface of the water were leaves entirely different. These were long and narrow, quite grass-like.

But of course it was the flowers in which Peter was most interested. These were in groups of three along a fairly tall stalk. On some plants the stalks were slender, while on others they were rather stout. The flowers were quite large, being an inch or more across. Each had three sepals and three spreading, rounded, white petals. Each flower grew out from the stalk on a short stem.

Again Peter made a surprising discovery. On some plants the flowers had a cluster of many yellow stamens in the center of each. On other plants the flowers had no pretty yellow centers, for there were no stamens at all. Instead the centers were of green pistils. Those with the stamens had no pistils at all. And then Peter found several plants with both kinds of flowers on the same stalk. Those with yellow centers were the upper flowers, while those lower down on the stalk had the green centers. Of course the yellow-centered flowers, the ones with the stamens, were the prettiest. At least Peter thought so, and I think you would agree with him.

While Peter was still admiring them, who should come stalking along but Longlegs the Great Blue Heron. "What are you doing here, Mr. Curiosity?" Longlegs asked.

"Wondering what flowers these are. Do you know?" replied Peter.

"Of course I know. It would be funny if I didn't. I supposed everybody knew them," declared Longlegs.

"I don't," said Peter honestly. "What are they called?"

"The Arrowhead, the Broad-leaved Arrowhead," replied Longlegs.

"It is a good name, a very good name," declared Peter, looking at the leaves. "One has only to look at one of these leaves to remember it. My, but it is getting late and I must hurry home! I'm much obliged to you, Longlegs."

"Don't mention it," replied Longlegs, as Peter started off lipperty-lipperty-lip.

    Plant Nature Study I by Various Plant Nature Study I by Various    

Lesson 29: Two Water Lovers (Wild Plants as Food)

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the synopsis.
  • Recite aloud the vocabulary words and their definitions.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

At the Smiling Pool, Peter finds the blue spiky flowers of the Pickerel Weed. Even the stamens and pistils of flowers are blue. Pickerel Weed flowers bloom only for one day and have an unpleasant scent. Peter next examines the Broad-leaved Arrowhead, named for its arrow-shaped leaves that grow above the water. The Broad-leaved Arrowhead also has grasslike leaves that grow beneath the water. Arrowhead plants have all female blossoms with pistils, all male blossoms with stamens, or both female and male blossoms. The Arrowhead is also known as the duck-potato or the Indian potato, because it grows edible tubers under the water.

Vocabulary

Pickerel: A freshwater fish.
Arrow: A projectile consisting of a shaft, a point, and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.
Arrowhead: The pointed part of an arrow.
Cultivate: For people to care for and grow plants, notably crops.
Tuber: A fleshy, thickened underground stem of a plant, usually containing stored starch, as for example a potato or arrowroot.

Concepts

Wild Plants as Food:

  1. Some uncultivated plants growing in the wild provide food for people.
  2. Arrowhead plants grow edible tubers under the water.
  3. The indigenous peoples of the Americas once consumed these tubers, which have purple skins and white flesh.
  4. The tubers can be pulled up with the hands, feet, or a tool. Once free, they will float to the top of the water.
  5. The tubers may be eaten uncooked or cooked and taste like potatoes and chestnuts.
  6. Never eat wild plants without permission from a trusted adult.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Can You Find It?

Find the following on the image of the Broad-leaved Arrowhead:

  • Something that looks like an arrow
  • Clusters of green pistils
  • White blossoms
  • An aquatic plant
  • A central stalk

Activity 3: Take a Nature Walk, Visit a Flower Shop, or Research Online - Wild Plants as Food

  • Embark upon a nature walk.
  • See if you can locate a specimen of wild plant that may be edible (do NOT eat or taste any plant during the nature walks).
  • Common edible wild plants include the burdock, the cattail, clover leaves, fireweed, and dandelions.
  • Make observations of the plant and its habitat and gather data.
  • Use the gathered information to create the field book entry.

Activity 4: Complete a Field Book Entry   

After your nature walk, complete page 34 in 'Science Field Book for Third Grade.'

Review

Question 1

Describe how male Arrowhead flowers are different from female Arrowhead flowers?
1 / 4

Answer 1

Male flowers have only stamens, and females have only pistils.
1 / 4

Question 2

Can people eat wild plants?
2 / 4

Answer 2

People can eat some wild plants, but many are poisonous. Some poisonous plants look very similar to edible plants. Never eat wild plants on your nature walks.
2 / 4

Question 3

What part of the Arrowhead is edible?
3 / 4

Answer 3

The Arrowhead tuber growing under the water is edible.
3 / 4

Question 4

How can you harvest the Arrowhead tuber or the duck potato?
4 / 4

Answer 4

You can harvest the duck potato by pulling it up with the hands, feet, or a tool.
4 / 4

  1. Describe how male Arrowhead flowers are different from female Arrowhead flowers? Male flowers have only stamens, and females have only pistils.
  2. Can people eat wild plants? People can eat some wild plants, but many are poisonous. Some poisonous plants look very similar to edible plants. Never eat wild plants on your nature walks.
  3. What part of the Arrowhead is edible? The Arrowhead tuber growing under the water is edible.
  4. How can you harvest the Arrowhead tuber or the duck potato? You can harvest the duck potato by pulling it up with the hands, feet, or a tool.

References

  1. 'Tuber Diagram by Nsandel. (CC BY-SA 3.0)' Wikipedia. /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wapato.JPG. n.p.
  2. Burgess, Thornton. Burgess Flower Book for Children. Ithaca, Boston, Massachusetts. Little, Brown, and Company, 1923.
  3. Comstock, Anna Botsford and Gordon, Eva L., Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.